OBOE
Method for extracting sound with the help of a cane was known in ancient times by different people.
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In Europe, the improvement of folk instruments such as flute with a double reed, and their introduction into practice of the concert should be attributed to the middle of the XVII century.
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At the end of the XVII century, the oboe is, along with a flute, a permanent member of the orchestra, and developing together with her flute takes over many of the enhancements on the location of the sound hole and the valve mechanism.
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In terms of size, ranks very similar to the oboe flute. Just like the flute of the old design, the six main sound holes give the oboe scale: dl, el, fisK gx, a1, A1, cis2, and three additional valves provide lower notes.
If the oboe closed all six core holes, then we note dl.
If you open the main bottom hole, then we note e.
If you open the bottom two major openings, then we note fis1.
If you open the bottom three core holes, then we note gl.
If you open the bottom four major holes, then we note a {.
If you open the bottom five holes, then we note A1.
If you open all the six core holes, then we note cis2.
On your device oboe consists of three parts (there is no separate head, like a flute). The cane is inserted directly into the hole at the top of the instrument, so you can not adjust the oboe (as, for example, flute), but rather build on it the whole orchestra.
The timbre of oboes are very expressive and rich in overtones. Performer, holding his lips a thin reed, every moment can affect the sound quality, ensuring a very subtle nuances.
The emergence of sound on the oboe (attacca) felt quite noticeably, the sound does not occur instantaneously, as the flute, and at some point later, as it were "lazy."
At the time of the piano sound is always slightly louder than the further thinning.
Vehicles play the oboe. Some laziness extract sounds, less ease when playing an instrument, do not allow the oboe in the fegato (with a flute at the same fingering) to reach a speed of flutes.
More inferior flute oboe staccato technique, because it does not apply techniques of "double" or "triple" of the language. However, the usual staccato turns on it very clearly and with sufficient rapidity (almost the same as the flute), but, of course, only in the middle register. In the lower and upper registers staccato very much harder.
The oboe well go moderately fast passages, interspersed with a variety of shapes simple staccato. If you do not interfere with fingering oboe tone is uncomfortable in the passages can be achieved fairly high speed.
Particularly useful in wide lyrical oboe cantilena.
Variety oboe. Of the varieties of oboe is now rarely used Oboe d'amore, sounding a small third lower than the ordinary oboe.
Indispensable as a member of the orchestra is alto oboe - English horn, sounding a fifth below the species tool.
Fingering and playing techniques on it in exactly the oboe, but due to the higher value obtained by the instrument sound a fifth lower. Therefore, English horn is a transposing instrument (oboe in F).
Contractor in the English horn is sometimes entrusted to his interpretation of the third oboe. Then in the score (and lots) denotes: Corno inglese muta in Oboe IH ° and, conversely, when returning to the English horn written: Oboe PG muta in Corno inglese.
In regard to the constructive English horn is different from the oboe, except for a slightly larger size, by two features:
1) stick it is not directly inserted into the hole in the instrument is placed on a preliminary short little curved metal tube (called the "es");
2) English horn bell is pear-shaped, which changes its tone considerably.
Removing most of the upper horn sounds in English is even more difficult than the oboe. Therefore, only in extreme cases, the forte you can afford to write a note to the English horn / 3, sounding as e2. As a rule, however, note should be limited to d3, sounding as g2.