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lateral cuts

The use of vintage stringed instruments as a soloist - that rarely occurs in the works of contemporary music - not covered in this book.
a lot of sharp, lateral cuts took the form of regular semi-circle, the two decks were almost completely flat, and the sound holes were in the form of two sickle cuts, located as follows: () or so:) (.

The number of strings have ranged from five viols (treble viol French) to seven. Sometimes, along with playing gut strings, the viola is also stretched the lower resonance (aliquot) metal strings.

Bowed instruments

Currently, the symphonic and operatic music, the following bowed instruments: violin, viola, cello and double bass, which are the result of long-term development of the various types of previous stringed stringed instruments.

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Time of stringed instruments is difficult to determine. There is speculation that they had been the cradle of the East, and that Arab musicians in the VIII century, brought into Spain, and the so-called rebab kemancha.

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But at the same time and in Europe in the VIII century, was already known five-stringed bowed instrument - Crotty. The earliest bowed instruments were without frets.

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Frets appeared only in the XIV century, since the spread of the lute, which was also brought to Europe by the Arabs and made a revolution in the structure of stringed instruments.

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Future

In the future, bowed instruments have undergone major design changes, and, ultimately, a tool, called viola, established a form with carved sides.
According to the method of execution Viola fall into two groups: manual viola (viola da braccio), the closest violin and viola, and leg or knee viol (viola da gamba).
Hand viola divided into treble, alto and tenor, viola foot - on the bass and contrabass. Last sounded an octave lower bass.
All of these viola very different from the modern violin, viola and cello on the external form, the number of strings and the shape of sound holes.